Secure multi-party computation (also known as secure computation, multi-party computation/MPC, or privacy-preserving computation) is a subfield of cryptography with the goal of creating methods for parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private. Unlike traditional cryptographic tasks, where the adversary is outside the system of participants (an eavesdropper on the sender and receiver) the adversary in this model controls actual participants. These types of tasks started in the late 1970s with the work on mental poker, cryptographic work that simulates game playing over distances without requiring a trusted third party.
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